This thesis presents insights from our study of various correlated electron systems with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). In ordinary metals, electron-electron interactions exist, but get substantially screened due to the sheer number of electrons.

This thesis described the development of novel scanning tunneling microscopy techniques to investigate strongly correlated electronic states in quantum matter.

In this thesis we use Josephson and noise scanning tunneling microscopy for the study of conventional, unconventional (iron-based) and disordered superconductors. On the one hand, Josephson scanning tunneling microscopy allows us to directly visualize the superfluid density with high spatial resolut…

Promotie

Materials with strongly correlated electrons show some of the most mysterious and exotic phases of quantum matter, such as unconventional superconductivity, quantum criticality and strange metal phase.

In surface science there is great effort to move from studying simple, flat model surfaces in vacuum to investigating more complex model catalysts in gas environments (in situ). This thesis gives three examples of such studies using microscopy and spectroscopy.

From surface science towards industrial practice using high-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy.

In condensed matter systems electron-electron interactions, negligible in everyday metals, can dramatically alter the electronic behavior of the system. Examples of such altered behavior include high-temperature superconductivity and modulation of the electron density.

Promotor: T.H. Oosterkamp

This thesis comprises the development of reproducible synthesis procedures for two-dimensional materials (composed of boron, nitrogen and carbon) on different metallic surfaces.

Promotor: J.W.M. Frenken

This thesis investigates reactive interfaces in surface science across three domains: heterogeneous catalysis, environmental nanoplastics, and two-dimensional materials.

The work in this thesis demonstrates how to obtain an atomic-scale picture of a diverse set of complex surface structures observed using STM, under disparate conditions.

Hydrogen fuel cells are expected to be pivotal in the energetic transition towards renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. However, their industrial scalability is severely hindered by the high cost and degradation rate of platinum catalysts, one of their key components. Addressing this…

Promotor: T. Schmidt

In this thesis we investigated the ability of two-photon multifocal microscopy for single-molecule microscopy in live cells and organisms.

De Microscopy Unit huisvest, onderhoudt en coördineert vrijwel alle microscopieapparatuur van het IBL. De beschikbare apparatuur varieert van conventionele licht- en fluorescentiemicroscopen tot confocale laser- en elektronenmicroscopen. Er is bovendien apparatuur beschikbaar voor histologie, met inbegrip…

In this thesis, we describe the latest advances in SQUID-detected Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy (MRFM).

Experimenten met STM-scanning op slecht geleidende materialen zijn uitdagend, en veroorzaken soms een verstoringseffect. Een nieuw model corrigeert voor dit effect, zodat fysici beter in staat zijn om materialen te bestuderen tijdens hun missie om onconventionele supergeleiding te begrijpen. Publicatie…

Single-Molecule Microscopy (SMM) techniques constitute a group of powerful imaging tools that enable researchers to study the dynamic behavior of individual molecules.

There are many interpretations of quantum mechanics, and ultimately experiments are needed to verify or falsify these interpretations.

Promotie

In most applications, electrocatalysts exhibit a large surface area to volume ratio, for example using nanoparticles.

Electron microscopy has become an extremely important techniquein a wide variety of elds.

Biopolymer sequencing with graphene edge-based tunnel junctions has the potential to overcome current limitations with the third generation of sequencing based on biological nanopores.

Promotor: Prof.dr. J.M. van Ruitenbeek, Prof.dr. R.M. Tromp

In this thesis, we show how MRFM can usefully contribute to the field of condensed-matter.

Promotor: M.T.M. Koper, Co-Promotor: L.B.F. Juurlink

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is an ubiquitous part of oil refining that ensures that fuels are cleaned of impurities and environment release of pollutants such as SOx and NOx gasses are minimized.

Promotores: Prof.dr. H.P. Spaink & Prof.dr. P.C.W. Hogendoorn Co-promotor: Dr. M.J.M. Schaaf

Promotores: Prof.dr. C.U. Keller, Prof.dr. H.C. Gerritsen

CT scanning of skeletal remains can tell us about how strong or weak a persons bones were and we can relate that back to diet, activity, and reproductive factors.

n this PhD thesis, the recombination of different atomic lattices in stacked 2D materials such as twisted bilayer graphene is studied. Using the different possibilities of Low-Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM), the domain forming between the two atomic layers with small differences is studied.

Je kunt binnen de hele universiteit kopiëren, printen en scannen via zogenaamde multifunctionals. Hiervoor heb je een LU-Card nodig. Wil je weten hoe je een printer kunt toevoegen en hoe je vervolgens een printopdracht uitvoert? Als student vind je hierover meer informatie op de studentenwebsite. Als…

Het doel van deze faciliteit is om het biomedisch onderzoek te versnellen door toegang te bieden tot geavanceerde licht- en elektronenmicroscopie en door het delen van expertise over monstervoorbereiding, beeldvormingsmodaliteiten, gegevensopslag en beeldanalyse.

In this thesis, we study different curved single crystals because of the diversity of surface structures across their curvature.

The dissertation describes TEM experiments on heterogeneous catalysts.

In this thesis, we develop a novel technique called Optical Near-field Electron Microscopy (ONEM), which aims to combine the advantages of both optical and electron microscopy: the high resolution of electron microscopy and the low sample damage of optical microscopy.

Tot nu toe verliepen processen van het maken van ‘dunne films’ – met toepassingen in bijvoorbeeld smartphones en zonnebrillen - volgens de ‘trial and error’-methode. Vincent Fokkema van het Leids Instituut voor Onderzoek in de Natuurkunde heeft nu een uniek instrument ontwikkeld waarmee de processen…

Fysisch chemicus Rik Mom ontwikkelde een revolutionaire manier om katalysatoren in actie tot in detail te onderzoeken. Voor zijn werk kreeg hij tijdens zijn verdediging op 29 juni de onderscheiding cum laude.

Promotor: B. van de Water

Promotor: B. van de Water

In this thesis the combinatorial use of bioorthogonal labelling and Electron Microscopy (EM)-based imaging techniques is explored to enable observations of specific molecular targets in their ultrastructural context within the cell.

Leids natuurkundige Milan Allan en zijn groep hebben een schijnbare paradox ontdekt in een materiaal met nul elektrische weerstand. Ze maten opgesloten ladingen, terwijl ladingen in theorie altijd blijven stromen in afwezigheid van weestand. De ontdekking kan een ontbrekend puzzelstukje zijn in een…

Molecular materials have been a subject of interest in fundamental research and applications for decades, and have been studied as bulk crystals, (thin) films and as individual molecules, due to the large variety in their properties. This dissertation explores pentacene crystals near the two-dimensional…

The research in this thesis is focused on tomographic reconstruction based on two imaging modalities in electron microscopy.

Microscopic insight on lipid-based nanomedicine in vivo remains limited to the perception of the knowledge that could be obtained: if we interpret only what we see, then we only believe to know. Although believing to know encapsulates an undefined amount of uncertainty in the exploration of lipid-based…

Grafeen houdt een grote belofte in voor toepassingen sinds het in 2004 voor het eerst werd geïsoleerd. Toch gebruiken we het nog steeds niet in grootschalige technologie, omdat we geen methode kennen om grafeen op industriële schaal te produceren. Leidse natuurkundigen hebben nu als eersten in beeld…